Non-Latin alphabets

Ligatures are not bound to Latin script:

The Brahmic abugidas accomplish accepted use of ligatures in accordant clusters. The amount of ligatures active may be language-dependent; appropriately abounding added ligatures are commonly acclimated in Devanagari if autograph Sanskrit than if autograph Hindi. Having 37 consonants in total, the absolute amount of ligatures that can be formed in Devanagari application alone two belletrist is 1369, admitting few fonts are able to cede all of them. In particular, Mangal.ttf, which is included with Microsoft Windows' Indic support, does not accurately handle ligatures with consonants absorbed to the appropriate of the characters द, ट, ठ, ड, and ढ, abrogation the virama absorbed to them and announcement the afterward accordant in its accepted form.

A amount of ligatures accept been active in the Greek alphabet, in accurate a aggregate of omicron (Ο) and upsilon (Υ) which after gave acceleration to a letter of the Cyrillic Software — see Ou (letter).

Cyrillic ligatures: Р‰, РЉ, Р«, Сѕ. Iotified Cyrillic belletrist are ligatures of the aboriginal Cyrillic decimal I and addition vowel: к™– (ancestor of РЇ), С¤, СЁ, С¬, Р® (descended from addition ligature, РћСѓ, an aboriginal adaptation of РЈ). Two belletrist of the Macedonian and Serbian Cyrillic alphabets, lje and nje (С™, Сљ), were developed in the nineteenth aeon as ligatures of Cyrillic El and En (Р», РЅ) with the bendable assurance (СЊ). A band of ya (РЇ) and e aswell exists: Ф˜Ф™, as do some added ligatures: кљ„кљ… and кљ€кљ‰.

Some forms of the Glagolitic script, acclimated from Middle Ages to the 19th aeon to address some Slavic languages, accept a box-like appearance that lends itself to added accepted use of ligatures.

In the Hebrew alphabet, the belletrist aleph and lamed can anatomy a band (п­Џ). The band appears in some pre-modern texts (mainly religious), or in Judeo-Arabic texts, area that aggregate is actual frequent, back К” al- (written aleph additional lamed, in the Hebrew script) is the audible commodity in Arabic.

In the Arabic alphabet, historically a cursive acquired from the Nabataean alphabet, a lot of letters' shapes depend on whether they are followed (word-initial), preceded (word-final) or both (medial) by added letters. For example, Arabic mД«m, abandoned Щ…, tripled (mmm, apprehension as initial, centermost and final): Щ…Щ…Щ… . Notable are the shapes taken by lДЃm + Кјalif isolated: п»», and lДЃm + Кѕalif centermost or final: п»ј. Unicode has a appropriate Allah band at U+FDF2: п·І.

Urdu (one of the capital languages of South Asia), which uses a calligraphic adaptation of the Arabic-based Nasta`liq script, requires a abundant amount of ligatures in agenda typography. InPage, a broadly acclimated desktop publishing apparatus for Urdu, uses Nasta`liq fonts with over 20,000 ligatures.

In ASL, a band of the American chiral alphabet is acclimated to assurance 'I adulation you', from the English abridgement ILY. It consists of the little feel of the letter I additional the deride and forefinger of the letter L. The letter Y (little feel and thumb) overlaps with the added two letters.

The Japanese accent uses two ligatures, one for hiragana, г‚џ, which is a vertical autograph band of the characters г‚€ and г‚Љ, and one for katakana, гѓї, which is a vertical autograph band of the characters г‚і and гѓ€. Both ligatures accept collapsed out of use in avant-garde Japanese.

Lao uses three ligatures, all absolute the letter ຫ (h). As a tonal language, a lot of accordant sounds in Lao are represented by two consonants, which will administer the accent of the syllable. Five accordant sounds are alone represented by a individual accordant letter (ງ (ŋ), ນ (m), ມ (n), ລ (l), ວ (w)), acceptation that one cannot cede all the tones for words alpha with these sounds. A bashful ຫ indicates that the affricate should be apprehend with the accent rules for ຫ, rather than those of the afterward consonant. Three consonants can anatomy ligatures with the letter ຫ. ຫ+ນ=ໜ (n), ຫ+ມ=ໝ (m) and ຫ+ລ=ຫຼ (l). ງ (ŋ) and ວ (w) just anatomy clusters: ຫງ (ŋ) and ຫວ (w). ລ (l) can aswell be acclimated accounting in a array rather than as a ligature: ຫລ (l).

In abounding bewitched texts ligatures are common. Such ligatures are accepted as bind-runes and were optional.

editChinese ligatures

A Chinese chéngyǔ (expression) accounting as a ligature. It reads Kǒng Mèng hà oxué (孔孟好學) and agency "it is acceptable to abstraction Confucius and Mencius."

Written Chinese has a continued history of creating new characters by amalgamation locations or wholes of added Chinese characters. However, a few of these combinations do not represent morphemes but absorb the aboriginal multi-character (multiple morpheme) account and are accordingly not advised accurate characters themselves. In Chinese, these ligatures are alleged hГ©wГ©n (еђ€ж–‡) or hГ©shЕ« (еђ€ж›ё).

One accepted band acclimated on chūntiē decorations acclimated for Chinese Lunar New Year is a aggregate of the four characters for zhāocái jìnbǎo (招財進寶), acceptation "ushering in abundance and prosperity" and acclimated as a accepted New Year's greeting.

Chinese ligatures

A Chinese band for zhāocái jìnbǎo (招財進寶), a accepted New Year's greeting

The Cǎonímǎ (草泥马) band accumulation the three basic characters

In 1924, Du Dingyou (杜定友; 1898–1967) created the band "圕" from two of the three characters 圖書館 (túshūguǎn), acceptation "library".13 Although it does accept an assigned accentuation of tuān and appears in abounding dictionaries, it is not a morpheme and cannot be acclimated as such in Chinese. Instead, it is usually advised a clear representation of túshūguǎn.

In contempo years, a Chinese internet meme, the Grass Mud Horse, has had such a band associated with it accumulation the three accordant Chinese characters 草, 泥, and 马 (Cǎonímǎ).

Similar to the ligatures were several "two-syllable Chinese characters" (й›™йџізЇЂжјўе­—) created in the 19th aeon for cogent non-Chinese altitude units which accept back abundantly disappeared.